Poznajcie Vivi, piekna kuzynke Freddiego. Viviana jest profesjonalna modelka, studentka i zawsze radosna osoba.
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Meet Vivi, beautiful cousin of Freddy. Viviana is a professional model, a student and always happy person.
Obraz spoleczny Cochabamby to temat rozlegly i drazliwy. Jestem w Boliwii dopiero od 2 tygodni, ale podzial klasowy widoczny byl od pierwszego dnia na boliwijskiej ziemi. Ba, na dlugo przed podroza nasluchalam sie opowiesci o ‘sluzacych’, brudnych Indianach, rozhulanych producentach koki itp. Oczywiscie probowalam odciac sie od tych stereotypow – w koncu pochodze z demokratycznej Europy. Negowalam rowniez uzywanie slowa ‘sluzaca’ (maid) w zamian za bardziej neutralnie brzmiace – ‘gosposia’ (housekeeper). Coz, przyzwyczajona do samodzielnego zycia, w ogole odrzucalam potrzebe ‘posiadania’ gosposi!
Tymczasem w Cochabambie….
Nasza gosposia, zatrudniona przez rodzine Freddiego ma na imie Cristina i jest jedna z najbardziej kochanych, radosnych i pomocnych osob, jakie kiedykolwiek mialam szczescie spotkac. Cristina jest z pochodzenia Indianka Ajmara (druga rdzenna grupa etniczna Boliwii sa Indianie Keczua, ktorzy stanowia wiekszosc w Cochabambie), noszaca tradycyjne szerokie i kolorowe spodnice – ‘polleras’. Co ciekawe (jak podaje wszechwiedzaca Wikipedia), stroj ten byl pierwotnie noszony przez hiszpanskie chlopki i zostal NARZUCONY rdzennym mieszkankom Boliwii przez wladze kolonialne. Obecnie pollera jest symbolem dumy z wlasnych korzeni.
Cristina, jak wiekszosc Indianek w Cochabambie, nie nosi znanego ze zdjec ‘melonika’, ale jasny slomiany kapelusz. Najbardziej interesujaca czescia stroju Cristiny sa jej dlugie wlosy! Zaplecione w dwa warkocze, w ktore wpleciona jest czarna welna (?), polaczone sa na koncach fredzlami.
Niestety nie wiem zbyt duzo o zyciu naszej gosposi, poniewaz na dzien dzisiejszy komunikujemy sie przede wszystkim werbalnie lub przez osoby trzecie. Z opowiadan innych dowiedzialam sie jednak, ze Cristina ma dwie corki i meza (ktorego takze poznalam). Mieszkaja oni na obrzezach miasta, skad dojezdzaja do pracy autobusem miejskim (to jest temat na nastepny wpis), a zajmuje im to ponad godzine… Placa typowej gosposi domowej w Cochabambie wynosi 100$ (!), Cristina zarabia 120$ i dorabia sobie jeszcze po godzinach srzataniem i praniem w innych domach.
Czy gosposie sa potrzebne?
Coz, ja osobiscie lubie sprzatac sama (nikt w koncu nie zrobi tego tak dobrze jak ja:), szczegolnie po zakupie nowego odkurzacza. Gotowanie to tez dla mnie przyjemnosc (po tacie mam umiejetnosc ‘stworzenia’ czegos z niczego). Smieci trzeba wynosic codziennie (to tez temat na kolejny wpis), ale w domu tez to robilam. Tylko pranie mogloby sprawic mi trudnosc, bo nie mamy pralki… Jest za to specjalne pomieszczenie z ogromnym zlewem (z tarka) – troche jak za czasow babcinych (choc moja babcia miala ‘Franie’). Coz, jak trzeba to trzeba.
Zaoszczedzilabym $120!
Niestety w tym samym czasie, Cristinita stracilaby owe $120…
Jak to wiec zwykle bywa, medal ma dwie strony. Mysle, ze mieszkancy Boliwii zatrudniaja gosposie, pomoce domowe, sprzataczki czy praczki zwykle z przyzwyczajenia, z tradycji, moze i z lenistwa, ale przy okazji daja tym kobietom prace i zarobek, ktorego w inny sposob by nie zdobyly.
Dla mnie najwazniejsze jest wiec, ze Crisinita moze utrzymac swoja rodzine i ze jest szczesliwa z nami. Zawsze przyjemniej jest miec dobra dusze w domu, ktora rowniez jest przewodnikiem w czasie zakupow na jarmarku czy negocjowania cen u taksowkarzy. W tym temacie osiagnelismy wiec kompromis.
Co do prodcentow koki, to nie mam duzej wiedzy na ich temat. Slyszalam jednak, ze jutro zjada sie do Cochabamby, by oprotestowac protest lekarzy i pielegniarek. Ci drudzy walcza o wyzsze pensje (i maja racje), ci pierwsi, jako zaciekli obroncy prezydenta, beda starali sie wybic im to z glowy…. Podobno w zeszlym roku zamordowano jednego z protestujacych, studenta – wieszajac go na drzewie…. Dla zwyklych mieszkancow Cochabamby strajk oznacza paraliz komunikacyjny i ogolny chaos (zreszta i dzis nie mozna dostac sie do miasta, bo zablokowano wszystkie mosty). Troche przypomina mi to ‘strajk wloski’.
Niestety tak sie sklada, ze rdzenni mieszkancy Boliwii – Indianie Keczua i Ajmara, ktorzy razem stanowia 66% ludnosci tego panstwa, so uwazani za najnizsza klase spoleczna. I niestety wyglada na to, ze niepredko sie to zmieni, zwazywszy na niskie place i naprawde wysokie koszty edukacji.
Inne grupy etniczne stanowia Metysi – ‘Karas’ (25%) i biali ‘Gringos’ – (12%) . Ponadto rozroznia sie jeszcze hippies i ‘mochileros’ – podrozujacych z plecakiem (backpakers:)
Na koniec polecam artykul, napisany piekna proza (po angielsku) przez Becce Leaphart ‘The Bolivia I didn’t want to know’, skupiajacy sie na problemach spolecznych w Cochabambie, probujacy znalezc ich przyczyny i sposob na ich rozwiazanie: http://matadornetwork.com/abroad/the-bolivia-i-didnt-want-to-know/.
Cristina
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The social image of Cochabamba is a very extensive and sensitive subject. I have been in Bolivia only two weeks, but the class division was visible from the first day on the Bolivian soil. Well, long before the trip I had heard a lot of stories about ‘servants’, dirty Indians, coca growers etc. Apparently I was trying to distance myself from these stereotypes as a citizen of democratic Europe. I also denied the use of the word ‘maid’ in exchange for a more neutral sounding – ‘housekeeper’. In fact, I used to independent living and, in general, I rejected the need for having a housekeeper!
Meanwhile, in Cochabamba ….
Our housekeeper Cristina is one of the most loving, happy and helpful persons that I was lucky to meet. Cristina is of Aymara Indian origin (other indigenous ethnic group in Bolivia are Quechua Indians, who are the majority in Cochabamba), wearing the traditional broad and colorful skirts – ‘polleras’. Interestingly (according to omniscient Wikipedia) this dress was originally worn by the Spanish peasants and indigenous people were imposed to wore them by the colonial authorities. Currently Pollera is a symbol of pride of their roots. Cristina, like most ‘Indios’ in Cochabamba, doesn’t wear traditional ‘bowler hat’ but simple straw hat. The most interesting part of Cristina’s outfit however, is her long hair! Plaited into two braids together with black wool (?), their ends are connected by wooly fringes. Incredibly interesting hairstyle!
Unfortunately, I do not know too much about the live of our housekeeper, because at present we communicate mainly verbally or by third parties. From the stories although I’ve learned that Cristina has two daughters and a husband (whom I met before). They live on the outskirts of town, from where they commute to work by bus (this is subject for the next post) what takes them over an hour … Typical salary of the housekeeper in Cochabamba is $ 100 (!), Cristina earns $ 120 and a bit more by working after hours in other homes.
Do housekeepers are needed?
Well, I personally like to clean by myself (no one in the end does it as well as me :), especially after buying a new vacuum cleaner. Cooking is also a pleasure for me (I possessed a skill to ‘create’ something from nothing after my dad). Garbage must be threw every day (another topic for another post), but I did that also in my house. Only laundry could be difficult, because we do not have washing machine … However, there is a special room with a huge sink (and ‘grater’) – a bit like our grandma used (at least at the old times). But hey, I could do it if I had to!
This way I could save $ 120 a month!
Unfortunately, at the same time, Cristinita would lose $ 120 …
As it often happens, the medal has two sides. I think that the inhabitants of Bolivia employ housekeepers, domestic helps, cleaners or laundry women usually out of habit, tradition or maybe laziness, but in doing so they give these women work and wages, which they couldn’t earn in any other way.
For me then, the most important point is that Crisinita can support her family and that she is happy with us. It’s always nice to have a good soul in the house, who also guides us when shopping at the market or negotiating prices with taxi drivers. In this topic we have achieved a compromise.
As for coca growers, I do not have much knowledge about them. But I heard that tomorrow they come to Cochabamba to protest against the protest of doctors and nurses. The latter struggle for higher wages (and rightly so), the former, as a rabid defenders of the president Evo Morales, will try to prevent it from happening … Apparently, last year they killed one of the protesters, the student – hanging him of a tree … .
For the ordinary citizens of Cochabamba strike means disruption of communication and general chaos (even today it was impossible to get to the city centre as all the bridges were blocked). It kind of reminds me of ‘Italian’ strike ‘.
Unfortunately it happens that the native inhabitants of Bolivia – Aymara and Quechua people, who together represent 66% of the population, are treated as underclass. And unfortunately it looks like that is not gonna change any time soon, given the low wages and a really high cost of education.
Other ethnic groups are mestizos – ‘karas’ (25%) and whites – ‘gringos’ – (12%). Furthermore, the upper class distinguishes also hippies and ‘mochileros’ – backpackers :)
At the end I welcome you to read a great article by Becca Leaphart ‘The Bolivia I did not want to know‘, focusing on social issues in Cochabamba, trying to find their cause and solution how to change situation for better: http://matadornetwork.com/abroad/the-bolivia-i-didnt-want-to-know/.
Salome